TL;DR:
- Gynecological diseases affect reproductive organs, caused by infections, hormonal issues, trauma, cancer, or genetics and may lead to pain, infertility, and emotional distress.
- Common diseases include infections (vaginal mycoses, HPV), endometriosis, uterine myomas, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and cancers.
- Vulvar atrophy (common in menopause) is treated with lasers, PRP, or hyaluronic acid.
- Cervical cancer (linked to HPV) prevention includes regular Pap smears and HPV vaccination.
- Cervical erosion treatment involves medication or procedures like cryotherapy.
- Uterine conditions (cysts/myomas) are treated via meds, surgery, or monitoring.
- Endometrial polyps require removal through hysteroscopy or laparoscopy.
- Flaccid vaginal syndrome is treated with vaginal threads or surgery.
- Vaginismus: Botox improves symptoms.
- Urinary incontinence is treated with pelvic floor exercises or injectables like PRP.
Gynecological diseases represent a vast and complex range of conditions that affect the female organs and structures associated with reproduction. From endocrine disorders to infections to cancer, these conditions can have a significant impact on an individual's health and quality of life and lead to serious health consequences related to fertility and overall mental and emotional health.
What are the characteristics of women's diseases?
Female reproductive system diseases are pathological changes occurring in the female reproductive organs and related areas. They can have a variety of causes, among the most common we can include infections of various origins, hormonal disorders, dysfunctions of the immune system, trauma, cancer, and genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms of gynecological diseases are a wide spectrum ranging from pain, discharge, bleeding, difficulty getting pregnant to swelling and edema. They are also often manifested by abnormal results of diagnostic tests and general changes in the appearance of the genitals. Among the most common gynecological diseases in women are: infections of the reproductive tract, such as vaginal mycoses (candidiasis), bacterial vaginitis, viral infections (e.g., human papilloma virus HPV), endometriosis, uterine myomas, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and malignancies that can affect the uterus, cervix, ovaries, vagina, and labia. Diagnosing and treating gynecological diseases requires collaboration with a specialist, i.e., a gynecologist, and the use of a variety of diagnostic methods, such as gynecological examinations, imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound), laboratory tests, and biopsies. Early detection and appropriate treatment of these conditions can significantly improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
Atrophy of the vulva and labia majora
The labia majora are part of the external female genitalia. They are a skin fold covered with a mucous membrane that surrounds the entrance to the vagina and urethra. Although the labia can come in different shapes, sizes, and colors, their health and appearance are important to a woman's overall health and well-being. Diseases of the vulva can include pruritus, inflammation, labial herpes, atrophy, and condyloma. Vulvar atrophy is a condition in which the tissues of the labia are reduced, atrophied, or weakened. It is associated with estrogen deficiency, especially in menopausal women when estrogen production by the ovaries declines. Vulvar atrophy can also occur in women after surgical procedures, such as hysterectomy, or as a result of cancer treatment, which can affect the body's hormonal balance. Symptoms include dryness of the vulva, itching or burning, soreness during sexual intercourse, and decreased elasticity and firmness of vulvar tissues. Treatment includes laser treatments, platelet-rich plasma, or hyaluronic acid administration.
Treatment of vulvar disease includes the use of anti-inflammatory or antibacterial drugs for infections, hormone replacement therapy for atrophy associated with estrogen deficiency, and surgical or laser removal of cancerous lesions or repair procedures for more severe cases. The key is to tailor therapy to the patient's individual needs and diagnosis, which requires collaboration with a gynecologist for proper treatment and monitoring of therapeutic progress.
As for the treatment of condylomata, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), it can involve several different methods, depending on the extent of the lesions. These include the use of acids or cryotherapy performed directly on the lesions, leading to their gradual death and disappearance. For larger or more stubborn lesions, surgical removal is an option, which may include cutting out the lesions with a scalpel, laser removal, or electrocoagulation. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs, such as interferon alfa, to boost the body's immune system and reduce HPV activity.
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the tissues of the cervix. In most cases, it is caused by HPV infection. Regular cytological examinations (Pap tests) are crucial for early detection. HPV vaccinations also play a very important role. They are recommended for adolescents and young adults. They are usually given at the age of 11-12 but can also be administered to older people who have not been vaccinated before. This is an effective way to protect against HPV infection and its complications.
Cervical erosions
Erosion is a condition in which the epithelial cells of the cervix undergo abnormal changes. They can be the result of HPV infection or other factors. Erosion can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the degree of cellular change. Cytology is necessary to determine the type and direction of lesions. Depending on the result of the test, treatment of cervical erosions consists of pharmacological agents, chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, freezing, or photocoagulation.
Uterine cysts and myomas
Treatment of uterine cysts and myomas depends on the size, location, symptoms, and the patient's planned pregnancy. For small lesions that do not cause significant symptoms, the doctor may recommend regular monitoring of the lesions through imaging studies (such as ultrasound) and observation of symptoms. In cases of heavy menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain, or general discomfort, medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antifibrotics, or hormonal medications are most often recommended. In some cases, especially when symptoms are severe or do not respond to drug treatment, surgery may be performed. This may include uterine artery embolization or endometrial ablation, which is the removal of the uterine mucosal layer or resection of myomas.
For large uterine myomas that cause significant symptoms or fertility disorders, surgical removal of the myomas (myomectomy) or even the entire uterus (hysterectomy) may be necessary.
Endometrial polyps
Removal of endometrial polyps, or growths on the endometrium, may be necessary if they cause symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding between periods, problems getting pregnant, or other discomforts.
For some endometrial polyps that are easily accessible and clearly visible on ultrasound, it is possible to remove them with special tools inserted through the vagina under ultrasound guidance. If the polyps are large or difficult to access, it is often necessary to perform surgery with a laparoscope, which allows more thorough removal of the polyps from the uterus.
Flaccid vaginal syndrome
Treatment of flaccid vaginal syndrome, a condition in which the muscles and tissues of the vagina lose their elasticity and resilience, can include a variety of methods performed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and improve vaginal tone. A vaginal lift using vaginal threads comes to the rescue. This is a procedure that involves the application of one or two lifting threads through 4–6 small and shallow skin incisions in the perineal area. As a result, the entrance to the vagina is narrowed, the appearance of the intimate zones improves and there is an overall improvement in the comfort of life.
If there are persistent symptoms that do not respond to other forms of treatment, a surgical procedure such as vaginal enhancement (colporaplasty) or pelvic floor muscle strengthening may be necessary.
Vaginismus
The complex psychosexual problem that is vaginismus affects women worldwide. It is characterized by uncontrolled contraction of the peri-vaginal muscles, leading to painful or even impossible vaginal passage when attempting penetration. Botox treatment for vaginismus involves injecting botulinum toxin into the vaginal walls, helping to increase elasticity and improve the overall appearance of the organ.
Urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence is the loss of control over urination. It leads to involuntary leakage of urine in various situations, which significantly affects the comfort of life and well-being of the patient. Regular exercise to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles can help control urinary incontinence, especially in cases of stress incontinence. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin or hyaluronic acid treatments are also used in treatment.
Diseases of the genital system include many gynecological diseases, the treatment of which is complex and requires consultation with a specialist. At the OT.CO Clinic, we have an experienced team of gynecologists who guarantee professional care for patients with various diseases of the genital tract. Our specialists have extensive experience in diagnosing and treating diseases of the female reproductive system, and also carry out extensive prophylaxis in the diagnosis of cancer of the genital organs.
Conclusion
Gynecological conditions can deeply affect a woman’s health and quality of life. From infections to hormonal imbalances, cancers, and structural issues, these challenges demand accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment. Regular checkups, early detection, and professional interventions play key roles in managing these disorders. Addressing symptoms promptly improves outcomes and helps protect fertility, physical health, and emotional well-being. By partnering with a trusted specialist, women can access tailored care and long-lasting solutions. Whether it’s prevention, treatment, or recovery, proactive attention to gynecological health is essential for a better, healthier future.
